Teacher Story: Alex de Koter

FNWI Lecturer of the Year 2020 Alex de Koter: heavyweight in astronomy with a passion for teaching

Alex de Koter is a heavyweight in astronomy with a passion for teaching. He has been affiliated with the UvA Anton Pannekoek Institute since 1997 and was appointed Professor of Astrophysics with a special focus on massive stars in 2020. In addition, he has been a professor at the Institute of Astronomy of the KU Leuven since 2012. In 2020, he was elected FNWI Lecturer of the Year.

If it gets too hard, you have to step back

“At FNWI, 140 lecturers were nominated. It’s good to see such a large number, because it means that students think about their appreciation for the way teachers teach. It is a joy as well as an honour to win this election, but the most important thing about a competition like this is that it turns the spotlight on teaching and the quality of teaching.”

Teaching is only meaningful if learning takes place. I believe that as a teacher you should be constantly trying to find out what a student is thinking and doing, why things are going well and why things are going wrong. You have to be in constant dialogue; asking what they understand, what they don’t, and adjusting lectures accordingly. If it gets too hard, you have to take a step back, otherwise you will lose them. Find a new starting point together.”

Us instead of you

“I speak in terms of ‘us’ and ‘we,’ which generates the feeling that we’re a team and that everyone is involved in developing ideas. For example, I will say: ‘we,’ (instead of you) ‘have to prepare well for the exam’. I let my students know in advance how many questions there will be on the exam, and of what type. I create an overview of what materials they will need to know well. This gives them more confidence. We discuss the mid-term exam afterwards, to learn from it. If you can improve your final grade with your mid-term exam, that’s an incentive, but it is above all a moment to evaluate what extra preparation is needed for the final exam. Assessment is about interacting and asking the right questions to help the student move forward. I try not to be judgmental and always say that we need to come up with a solution or strategy together.”

Lack of self-confidence

“It is often a lack of self-confidence that causes students to remain silent. They have thoughts like: ‘this probably would be a stupid remark’. I often point out that there is no such thing as a stupid remark. If someone gives a wrong answer, I don’t say, that’s wrong; instead, I will say something like:  ‘What you say I find interesting, but I was thinking of something else, myself.’ In doing so, I shift the focus to the content rather than the individual. If I don’t know the answer to a question myself, I am open about it and make us consider the issue as a group. That’s also the essence of science, you often don’t know what something is, at first.”

Engagement, attention span and small talk

“I spend five to ten minutes of the two-hour class on socializing. I ask how everyone is doing, ask questions even of those whose screens are black [in an online class, ed.] In addition, I regularly – sometimes every 10 minutes – insert unexpected mini-breaks in which I discuss things other than the course content. For example, I may ask what the meaning of someone’s first name is. This often leads to interesting short conversations that keep the students focused, precisely by breaking through the course material with small talk. This way you build a bond. In addition, I try to make things visual and more concrete with drawings on the board. For example, I may draw a telescope with a stick figure next to it, and then tell a student: ‘This is you, Annemiek, since you asked a question about this, earlier.’ I also often wrap difficult material in anecdotes drawn from real life. You don’t have to be a comedian, but a joke every now and then keeps it light and is helps with the attention span.”

linking students and behaviours to topics

“I remember a lot of what students say about the lesson materials over the course of the lecture series and often refer back to it. For example, I will say: ‘As Tom mentioned a few weeks ago….’ Each student has his or her own topic that I use in this manner when I address them. This engages them and keeps them on their toes. It’s also easier to address someone this way. Actively asking questions can be quite intimidating, but in this way it feels comfortable and personal. If someone gets shy, I roll it back to the group. I don’t want people to sit there with a sense of dread. If someone does something I don’t like – looking at their phone, for example – I ask a question that is related to the course and make a joke that refers to the undesirable behaviour, but does not directly address the individual student. Next time someone looks at their phone, all I have to do is mention the topic I linked to the behaviour the first time and everyone immediately gets it and laughs. By resolving something in a non-personal context, no one feels personally attacked and you create a safe environment.”

Finding practice in theory

“I taught intuitively for years. When I started the Senior Teaching Qualification course [SKO, red.] I came across the theory behind what I was already doing in practice. For me, teaching has to do with motivating students. How important motivation is I learned during the STQ. I was made aware of the fact that there are theories about motivation. For instance, Self-Determination theory states that you motivate students by allowing them to come up with their own ideas about how they want to solve something. Self-efficacy is also important; cultivating the belief in students that they are able to do what is required, and giving them the tools to do it – to think: ‘I can do this – it may not be easy and I may need help – but I can do it’.  This is why I try to create that safe environment in my lectures that helps students develop this and helps them feel comfortable speaking up and asking questions.”

Knowing names and being seen

“What I’ve also learned from motivational theories is that being seen – feeling that you matter – motivates students. That is called Relatedness. That’s why I always learn names by heart as quickly as possible during lectures. When I meet students outside of this context, I also greet them by name. This makes them a person rather than a number. Incidentally, I learned this 17 years ago from an Ajax youth trainer who was a guest trainer with my son’s football team. It made a huge impression on me that he knew all the names of the team by heart within the first 15 minutes, and the impact that being addressed by name had on those kids was huge. The fact that an Ajax coach knows your name creates inclusivity. This made me think: ‘I’m going to do this in my lectures as well.’ Motivational theory confirmed the importance of that.”

Being a positive rolemodel and cultivating insight

“The STQ also made me realise that I teach because I enjoy it. You have to have enthusiasm and a sense of enjoyment to get something across to students. Not just rattling off a curriculum because you have to, but building on ideas the students come up with. There is an interconnected knowledge base: they’ve heard all kinds of things in all kinds of lectures. Connecting these things and placing them in context, cultivating insight, that’s what constitutes the difference with just rattling off a curriculum. I also regularly discuss new discoveries in the field and incorporate them into the exam questions. This motivates students, because it’s about their field of interest. It stimulates students if something is challenging, but not immediately too difficult. It also encourages them if you are a positive role model, that has students thinking: ‘What Alex has achieved, I might also be able to achieve’.”

In conclusion, about Alex

As Folia reports [in Dutch], students praise Alex de Koter for his strong anecdotes and stories, the fact that he knows all students by name, creates an atmosphere of inclusion and involves students in the lectures. Moreover, he knows how to combine recent discoveries with humour and thus treat the study material in a clear manner.

His colleagues describe him as a man with a great, genuine interest in what moves his students, who does his best to put himself in the other’s shoes and uses that knowledge to tailor his teaching and advice as much as possible. They think that students feel seen and heard by him and see him as a warm and inspiring role model.